Check with a doctor about using a drug for your diarrhea if it goes on for more than a few days or if it causes dehydration. People with IBD should always ask a doctor before using an antidiarrheal medication.
antidiarrheal
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Yes, various antidiarrheal medication options are available over the counter at pharmacies and many grocery stores. Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate and their generic equivalents are two common products. Alternatively you can try Imodium, which slows intestinal contractions and reduces bouts of diarrhea.
Antidiarrheals are the name given to certain types of medicines that stop or slow diarrhea. Antidiarrheals only relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, such as an increased frequency and urgency when passing stools, they do not eliminate the cause of it. This means that as soon as you stop taking an antidiarrheal, diarrhea will return unless whatever has caused it has run its course.Some antidiarrheals work by slowing down intestinal contractions, increasing the time it takes for the contents of the bowel to be excreted. This allows more water to be absorbed from the bowel back into the body, reducing the water content of the stool. Others work by bulking up the stool, increasing its volume with fiber-like substances.
Oral rehydration agents may also be termed antidiarrheals; however, these do not stop or slow diarrhea, rather they ensure excessive fluid lost during diarrhea is replaced. Other agents used to help relieve the symptoms of diarrhea include antimotility agents or antispasmodic agents. Antibacterial agents can occasionally be used to treat diarrhea caused by specific infections, such as campylobacter or giardia; however, are not routinely recommended or needed.
Methods: The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea method. In this respect, rats were divided into six groups: Control, Castor oil, Castor oil+Loperamide (LOP) and Castor oil+various doses of CDE. Animals were per orally (p.o.) pre-treated with CDE during 1h and intoxicated for 2 or 4h by acute oral administration of castor oil.
Antidiarrheal drugs are used to treat loose, watery, and frequent stools. This article discusses overdose of antidiarrheal drugs containing diphenoxylate and atropine. Both ingredients help slow intestinal movement. In addition, atropine helps decrease the body's production of fluids. Other antidiarrheal drugs on the market contain different ingredients, such as loperamide. This article focuses on antidiarrheal drugs containing diphenoxylate and atropine specifically.
Data from U.S. poison control call centers indicate that since 2006, and particularly since 2010, calls have increased for intentional loperamide exposures, which include cases of intentional abuse, intentional misuse, suspected suicide attempt, and unknown intentional exposures. Similar increases were not seen for the prescription-only antidiarrheal product diphenoxylate/atropine.10 The total number of fatal poisonings nationally that document antidiarrheal drugs as a cause of death has increased since 2012 but remains low.11 However, because loperamide testing is not included in routine toxicology testing and may not be recognized as the drug causing or contributing to a death, these numbers may be an underestimate of actual deaths due to loperamide poisoning.
On the other hand, magnesium sulfate has been reported to induce diarrhea by increasing the volume of intestinal content through prevention of reabsorption of water. It has also been reported that it promotes the liberation of cholecystokinin from the duodenal mucosa, which increases the secretion and motility of small intestine and thereby prevents the reabsorption of sodium chloride and water (36). The methanol extract was found to improve the diarrheal condition in this model. The extract may increase the absorption of water and electrolyte from the gastrointestinal tract, since it delayed the gastrointestinal transit in mice as compared to the control. The delay in the gastrointestinal transit prompted by the extract might have contributed, at least to some extent, to their antidiarrheal activity by allowing a greater time for absorption.
Flavonoids and sugars obtained from selected traditional medicinal plants in Bangladesh were reported by Rahman and Wilcock having antidiarrheal properties (43). Longanga Otshudi et al screened a number of medicinal plants and showed that antidiarrheal activity of those plants were due to tannins alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes and reducing sugars contained in them (44). The flavonoids presence of these types of compounds, such as kaemferol, myricetin, apigenin, and leucocyanidin in M.sapientum is likely to contribute to its grastrointestinal effects (41). Moreover, nitric acid mechanism has also been shown to be involved in castor oil induced diarrhea (33). In our study plant extract showed remarkable NO scavenging capacity may partially contribute the antidiarrheal activity.
Secretory diarrhea is a major health challenge in developing countries. Causative agents include bacteria, as in cholera, and viruses, as in childhood rotaviral diarrhea. Though oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced mortality from diarrhea four-fold in the last three decades, its efficacy is limited, particularly in the young and elderly, and because of practicalities in its availability and compliance. Antisecretory drug therapy for diarrhea may be efficacious when ORS is not available, as during natural disasters, and it may potentiate the efficacy of ORS. As an alternative approach to the costly and lengthy development of a new chemical entity, in this study we investigated the possibility that effective, natural-product antisecretory therapeutics may already be available, but unappreciated. Screening of diarrhea remedies from around the world for enterocyte chloride channel inhibition identified Krisanaklan, a herbal extract used widely in Thailand for treatment of diarrhea, as effective in inhibiting intestinal chloride secretion. We report the antidiarrheal efficacy and cellular mechanisms of Krisanaklan, providing proof-of-concept for its potential utility for antisecretory therapy of major, life-threatening diarrheas in developing countries.
Almost 80% of people in the developing world including Ethiopia use the services of traditional healers as a source of affordable and accessible health care [5]. In addition, currently available drugs are linked with adverse effects, contraindications, and resistance. The high incidence of diarrhea in developing countries coupled with the limitations of conventional antidiarrheal drugs and poor healthcare coverage may make traditional medicines good alternatives for the management of diarrhea [6].
The in vivo antidiarrheal index (ADI) was then calculated according to the formula shown below [26]:where Dfreq is the delay in defecation time or diarrheal onset (in % of control), Gmeq is the gut travel reduction (in % of control), and Pfreq is the purging frequency as number of stool reduction (in % of control).
The present study aimed at providing the pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of the root extract of C. abyssinica in diarrhea using mice. In many areas of Ethiopia, C. abyssinica is used for the treatment of different health problems including diarrhea without scientific substantiation of its safety and efficacy. This study was conducted to evaluate the claimed antidiarrheal effect of C. abyssinica using antidiarrheal activity test models in mice. In the study, the castor oil induced diarrheal model was done in order to test as to whether the extracts of C. abyssinica have an antidiarrheal activity or not. Then, other models (antipropulsive and antienteropooling) were used in an attempt to propose some of the possible mechanisms (decrease in GI transit and antisecretory activities) by which they exhibited antidiarrheal activity.
Generally, high extraction yield can be achieved by using hydroalcoholic solvent mixtures due to their expanded polarity index [22]. Since methanol is highly soluble in water, a wide range of compounds with different polarities could be extracted (nonpolar to polar) using a hydromethanolic solvent mixture. Hence, hydromethanol was used as a solvent in the present study for the initial extraction of the roots of C. abyssinica. In addition, the hydromethanolic root extract was suspended in distilled water for fractionation with solvents of increasing polarity to investigate the partitioning property of antidiarrheal constituents of the plant.
Castor oil induced diarrheal model was designed to assess the overall antidiarrheal activities of extract and fractions. The onset of defecation and the numbers of wet and total stools were determined as the main parameters. Hydromethanolic root extract (at the middle and higher doses) of C. abyssinica significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea, the numbers of wet and total stools. This was in line with other reports of different species of plants in which extracts had shown to exert an antidiarrheal effect at higher doses [28].
Determination of the consistency of stools is given a greater emphasis than the frequency in the evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of test substances. Hence, the percentage reduction of wet stools has been determined. Diarrhea is also presented with an increase in the number of wet stools [22]. In this model, the hydromethanolic extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition of wet stools indicating the antidiarrheal activity of the extract.
In the intestinal transit model, hydromethanolic root extract and fractions of C. abyssinica reduced the transit of charcoal meal through the intestinal tract which indicates that the root extract and fractions are capable of inhibiting the frequency of fecal output. Suppression of the propulsion of activated charcoal is due to the inhibition of peristaltic movements of the GIT system and muscle relaxant effect of extract and solvent fractions [33]. The reduction in gastrointestinal motility increases the time of stay of gastrointestinal contents in the intestine, and this may promote intestinal water and electrolyte absorption. The findings of this study are in agreement with the previous antidiarrheal study on Justicia schimperiana, which displayed antimotility activity [6]. 2ff7e9595c
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